Sunday, 29 December 2013

My notes from the River-Pollution discussion in the Indian Parliament from March 2013

Sharing these notes here now as i think that there are people who might not only find them useful and interesting, but also be in a position to do something about it! (Congratulations, AAP, on your electoral victory in Delhi)

Short Duration Discussion in the Rajya Sabha on Increasing Pollution in various rivers in the country, particularly the Ganga and the Yamuna rivers, 11th March, 2013: V. Shruti Devi’s notes from parts of the debate viewed live on RSTV.

Prof. S.P. Singh Baghel, UP. BSP tried to bring up the issue of corrupt bureaucrats. The immediate reaction of Jayanti Natrajan, Min. MoEF, was a blanket defence of all her officials. Later, when she spoke, she did say that she was not holding a brief for anyone.

Dr. Ram Prakash from the Congress spoke well, which led me to google him and find that he is a scientist who has worked in Prague and Czeckoslovakia. This useful piece of information, i tagged in my mind, to use at an appropriate juncture of policy planning.

Prasanta Chatterjee was the speaker from the CPI (M). This is a party that takes its research seriously. It briefs its speakers, and chooses candidates who are able to present their party’s views effectively on the floor of the house.

Darshan Singh Yadav of the SP quoted from the Quran on water, then from Sikh scriptures, and finally from the Yajur Veda 36:15, which is the Shanti Mantra, and said it is the mantra of Environment.

Shivanand Tiwari, General Secretary of the JD (U) said industrial waste is the main cause of pollution. He said “we” are all the privileged class that is not so worried about water quality as it drinks bottled water and uses flushes in toilets.

Shashi Bhushan Behera spoke from the BJD.

V. Maitreyan of the AIADMK mentioned many cancers in the context of contaminated water.

The Shiv Sena fielded Sanjay Pant.

Anil Madhav Dave of the BJP from Madhya Pradesh spoke from his experience with the Narmada river. He made the point that a river is not just the water between two banks, but also includes catchment areas. He said that we have either dried up our rivers or dirtied them. He said that Bharat kee janta has done this through its netas, and that urban people, who pollute rivers with waste. He said urea and pesticides have destroyed aquatic life. He mentioned the Rural Development Minister, Jairam Ramesh’s views on people having no toilets to go to in rural areas being shameful, and asked whether it was not even more shameful that all the people using toilets in these cities send their waste into these rivers. He referred to the work of George Fernandez in favourable light. He said that he wants to tell the minister that STP technology is a big fraud, and asked why such water is put into rivers. He said he has written to the PM, asking for the formation of a Nadi Ayurvigyan Sanstha, where the river should be viewed and treated as a patient. He warned that in the next five or ten years, clouds will be stolen. He said that before this theft starts, and before whatever starts in the name of Climate Change and global warming is all hypocracy and should be stopped. He said that for saving water, we have to think from all angles right from how washbasins are designed. We have to take the help of technology. He praised Rajiv Gandhi and said he had been pained about the water situation. His question to the minister was: Rajeev Gandhi ka sapna loota kaisey?

K. Parasaran, nominated member and a retired judge, said the Supreme Court has referred to the Yamuna as a “dead/dying” river, and that it has to be resurrected and cleansed. He was happy to speak on this topic on the day after Siva Ratri.

Rama Jois of the BJP from Karnataka quoted a Hindu religious text which said that those who pollute tanks should be punished. Today, too, he said, polluters of rivers should not just pay but also be punished. He quoted the ‘Seattle chief’s speech’ from the Satchidanand case that quotes it. He also mentioned how three days ago, the Supreme Court stopped leather industrial pollution of river and said this is one of the things that has been done. Similarly, he referred to the fact that Part IV of the Constitution was added by our Country, for the protection of environment. He said that from all points of view, protection of rivers is of national interest.

Ram Kripal Yadav of the RJD, Bihar said tha lots of money (crores) has been spent on the river.

Tarun Vijay of the BJP from Uttarakhand recited a shloka. He narrated an anecdote of how holy water from our river was sent in the past to south-east Asia. He mentioned the Indus river, and made a fleeting mention of Indo-Pak and Indo- China river-sharing issues.

Saifudeen Soz of the INC from J&K started by saying that he had missed Mr. Swaminathan’s speech, and that Mr. Swaminathan must have raised quite a few points. He also said that Ram Gopal Yadav had spoken earlier in the day from the heart. He pointed out that he had personally been a Minister for Environment. His question to the minister now was: How can we waste taxpayers’ money like this? He also said all money will go to waste unless we have awareness programmes. He said it was necessary to go to each family in Haridwar and tell them you should not do this. He said you can go to pujar, go to temple, go to every mosque, every girija ghar, and tell them you cannot do this.

Chaudhary Munabbar Saleem of the SP (from UP but lives in MP and is familiar with the Shipra River). He said the Ganga comes from a pure place, and Hindustanis dirty it. He said the Hukumut-e-Hind (Govt. of India?) should resolve not to dirty the Ganga, and to punish polluters. Hindustan Zindabad.

The debate was initially chaired by EMS Natchiappan, followed by the Deputy Chairman, Kurien who, along with the leader of the opposition, congratulated the house on the good quality of the debate.

Reply of the Minister, Jayanti Natrajan (MOS Indep Charge, MoEF):

Just as there is a commission for atrocities against women, there should be a commission for rivers.
We have an EPA, but it cannot address other issues, it can only address industries that pollute.
State governments have the right and responsibility to take action under the air act and under the water act.
Only talking of legislation is not enough, now an Authority is needed.
Rajiv Gandhi started the Ganga Action Plan, under Manmohan Singh, the National Ganga River Basin Authority was set up. Now, we need a commission by which atrocities against river Ganga will be acted on swiftly.
For the last one and a half years, GOI has played a commendable role. The Central Pollution Control Board has gone around inspecting industries. Action has been taken against polluting industries. It was a temporary measure. Those who have promised to comply will reopen. The National Ganga River Basin Authority moved in this direction (with the co-operation of the state government).
Not holding a brief for anyone and saying all money was spent well. But if all the action plans hadn’t been implemented, we’d have done worse.
Remember, biotic pressures have increased and that industries have increased.
90% of water is taken for irrigation and you do not give anything back but drainage and pesticides.
But we can do much better. We have to learn from our mistakes.
All money is spent on sewage treatment facilities. But it looks like a museum. The plant has to be connected to the sewage. The local body does not connect it. People have to be trained.
20% of effluent goes from industries into Ganga. This is highly toxic and must be shut down. The rest comes from sewage from towns.
State government says it cannot pay for maintenance but they have to co-operate. Centre can give money. But urban local bodies should wake up and do their duties.
Yes, engineers are responsible. Why do we create sewers if they are not connected.
In Delhi, there are 20 drains of Yamuna. All stinking sewers.
Now, there’s a report from the pollution control board.
The problem is that our design is that the sewage is treated, then goes into drainage (treated four times), but each time goes into the drainage. Treated four times with everyone’s money.
Certainly not using all our sewage treatment plants to their full capacity.
We need to find solutions.
Once water is treated, it should not go back as effluent (maybe it can go to garden, but not for food).
220 litres is what a Delhi-ite uses per capita (even Denmark doesn’t do this).
Having taken this, we generate waste water in Delhi. (Government pays lots to treat, Delhi-ite pays very little for water).
This is an issue where state government has to co-operate so that sewage treatment plant gets electricity.
Bio-irrigation was explored. Time has come for innovation. We have to all ensure not to waste water. Water is going to be the war of the future.
If we have dams etc., water is going to stop flowing. This is a call we all have to take (we cannot apply laws of Arunachal, Uttarakhand, Punjab: all states have different needs.
Time has come to calculate ecological costs. As environment minister, that is my duty.
List of actions taken against 387 industries was read out.
Ganga River Basin Authority has adopted a town-centric approach rather than a river basin approach.
Shortage of manpower, erratic power supply, lack of participation of civil society (these are problems).
Pollution abatement works: Interception and Diversion works. This is what the agitators are demanding.
Electric crematoria, river-front development works (bathing ghaat areas) etc.

Question from Tarun, BJP: All these projects, where are they?
Answer: Personal opinion: Rivers should be on concurrent list. This is only the list of things for which the centre has sent money. It is the state’s responsibility.
Want to set up State River Conservation Authorities.
Project implementation should be monitored.
There should be tripartite agreements (Central govt., state government and funding agency). And there should be third party monitoring.
A list of works to be done, including the laying of sewer lines.
Yamuna Action Plan is assisted by JICA (Japan Government).
Constantly thinking of ways in which to deliver better results.

Two Questions from the Leader of the Opposition in RS: Will you take some steps for ensuring that the Yamuna water visibly looks cleaner. What about Vrindavan and Mathura?
Answer from Min: Assures regarding the point raised about Vrindavan and Mathura.
Delhi Yamuna: While there are measures, issue is of dilution as mentioned.
Also, Harish Rawat is the minister for water resources is heading a committee (or is it commission?) set up by the PM to look into dilution.
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